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  1. Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 6, 2024
  2. Blank, in his Ph.D. thesis on determining whether a planar closed curve $\gamma$ is self-overlapping, constructed a combinatorial word geometrically over the faces of $\gamma$ by drawing cuts from each face to a point at infinity and tracing their intersection points with $\gamma$. Independently, Nie, in an unpublished manuscript, gave an algorithm to determine the minimum area swept out by any homotopy from a closed curve $\gamma$ to a point. Nie constructed a combinatorial word algebraically over the faces of $\gamma$ inspired by ideas from geometric group theory, followed by dynamic programming over the subwords. In this paper, we examine the definitions of the two words and prove the equivalence between Blank's word and Nie's word under the right assumptions. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available June 12, 2024